Trombone Mutes: Exploring Different Types and Their Uses

A trombone is a versatile instrument, capable of producing a wide range of tones, and musicians can always expand its sonic possibilities through the use of mutes. In this article, we will explore the various types of trombone mutes, their key characteristics, and uses.

Technique for Using Mutes

Mutes are special devices that allow brass players to lower the instrument’s volume and alter its tonal quality. The muting technique can significantly impact the perception of trombone music through the creation of different timbres and effects. 

To achieve sonic effects, trombonists carefully insert mutes into the instrument’s bell. The positioning, shape, and material of mutes significantly impact the result. As mutes form additional resistance, musicians must adjust their embouchure and breath support to compensate for the added resistance. To create expressive effects, trombonists may not only keep their mutes inserted, but also use some hand manipulation, such as with the plunger mute.

In classical music, you may come across the notation “con sordino”, which can be translated from Italian as “with mute” and stands for passages intended to play with a mute. In jazz, in addition to the same notation, you may find another notation “open” to signal where players should remove the mute.

Types of Trombone Mutes 

Now, let’s delve into types of trombone mutes based on their shapes, and how they influence the resulting sound. 

1. Straight Mute

This is one of the most popular mutes among trombonists playing in ensembles. Straight mutes are also the first muting devices that brass players start with. Visually they stand out from others due to their conical shape, featuring an opening at the smaller end. Made of metal, plastic or fiber, they produce a slightly nasal and metallic sound. These types are especially popular in classical, jazz, and orchestral settings, where a more pointed or distant sound is needed. 

2. Cup Mute

These devices stand out due to their cup shape, featuring a wider part on the end. This characteristic allows them to soften the sound and adds a more mellow, muted quality.  Modern manufacturers offer customers two types of cup mutes: adjustable cup-style mutes and felt-lined cup mutes, the latter are mostly preferred by trombonists from orchestras. Compared to the sound produced by the straight mute, cup mutes offer less piercing sound. This makes them a perfect option for jazz ballads, big band settings, and orchestral passages. A warmer and more intimate tone helps these mutes perfectly express feelings of nostalgia or longing.

3. Harmon Mute

These mutes, typically made from aluminum, consist of two pieces: a large round bulb-shaped part and a smaller stem piece that fits inside. The stem can be moved in and out of the mute. The positioning of the stem also impacts the sound. When the player keeps it inserted, the mute produces a buzzy, metallic tone. When the musician removes the stem, the mute creates a more open, distant sound. Another name for Harmon mutes is “wah-wah” mutes. They are called this way because of the resulting sound they produce. This wah-wah sound is commonly heard in jazz and funk music.

4. Plunger Mute

These mutes, mostly featuring bathroom plungers, produce distinct vocal-like effects, when the musician moves them against the bell. Plunger mutes are commonly used in jazz and swing music. By inserting and removing the mute from the bell, trombonists achieve  “talking” or “crying” effects. One of their benefits is affordability. To grab one you just need to go to the local hardware store. Plunger mutes immediately bring jazz spirit to your pieces. 

5. Bucket Mute

These mutes feature a round, bucket-shaped end, complemented with cotton inside. Their construction allows them to clip onto the outside of the bell. However, you can also find models that can be inserted into the bell, similar to the straight mute. Bucket mutes provide a soft, muffled full-bodied sound by reducing the trombone’s brightness. Musicians typically use these mutes to perform jazz ballads and orchestral pieces, where subdued, distant effect is required. It is particularly popular among trombonists from orchestral sections who are seeking a smooth, velvety sound. 

Materials of Trombone Mutes 

Trombone mutes are produced from a wide range of materials, each contributing to their muting characteristic. 

1. Metal mutes. Made of aluminum or copper, these mutes produce a penetrating sound when they are inserted into the bell due to the excellent resonant characteristic of metal.
2. Fiber mutes. Crafted from fiber or other composite materials, these devices provide soft and warm sound. The absorbing characteristics of the material result in slightly subdued tones.
3. Wood mutes. Although not as popular as other types, these mutes offer unique tones, which blend warmth with subtle resonance.
4. Plastic mutes. Made of synthetic materials, they stand out due to their lightweight construction and low cost. Depending on their configuration, they can produce both bright and resonant sounds.
5. Leather mutes. These devices can not only alter the sound but also serve as a part of the musician’s brand as leather looks stylish and luxurious. Leather mutes can’t break and are very comfortable for trombonists on the road. These mutes produce a rounded velvety sound combining warmth with resonance. You can find trombone mutes with a magnet and a finger loop, providing an easy placement on the music stand and enhanced grip.

Conclusion

Trombone mutes can significantly expand the instrument’s capabilities and make the music more versatile and emotional. Depending on their materials and shapes, they can provide various unique characteristics that can benefit in different musical contexts. Whether you’re playing in a jazz band, an orchestra, or solo setting, using the right mute can add depth to your performance. 

You can find more useful products for your instrument in our category of Trombone/Euphonium Accessories.

You can also get some ideas of how to improve your sound and comfort with our Top 5 Accessories Every Trombone Player Needs.